Horizontal and vertical sleeves for universal beam mills.
Universal beam mills use horizontal and vertical sleeves, which are shrunk onto a shaft (arbor). The material must combine good strength at the bore with wear resistance on the working surface.
Steel grades are used where toughness is most important. SG iron and indefinite chill grades are used where more wear resistance is needed.
- Horizontal (H) sleeves for universal stands
- Vertical (V) sleeves and edger rolls
- Universal and beam mill stands
Available grades
Material grades
Alloy Cast Steel
Alloy Cast Steel rolls have a lower carbon content than Steel Base grades. Heat treatment can give either a spheroidised pearlite for maximum toughness, or a fine pearlite for more wear resistance. Small areas of primary (hypereutectoid) carbide also improve wear resistance.
The most important properties of this grade are high strength and toughness, so it is used mainly in roughing and semi-roughing stands.
Production type
Chemical composition (%)
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.8–1.4 | 0.2–0.6 | 0.5–1.8 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 1.0 | 0.45–1.20 | 0.20–0.45 |
Properties
SG Acicular
SG Acicular is alloyed with nickel, manganese and chromium and has a bainitic–acicular–martensitic matrix. It has higher tensile strength, higher hardness and better wear resistance than SG Pearlitic.
Semi-continuous carbides keep the wear resistance, while the grade keeps high strength and good resistance to fire cracks. A full heat treatment cycle makes sure the matrix is acicular.
Chromium-alloyed SG Acicular grades give deep carbide penetration, a lower hardness drop and better wear resistance — recommended for rolls with deep grooves.
Production type
Chemical composition (%)
| C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | Mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.00–3.50 | 1.00–2.20 | 0.30–1.00 | 2.50–5.00 | 0.30–1.50 | 0.30–1.00 |
Properties
Graphitic Steel
Graphitic Steel has spheroidal graphite in a pearlitic, steel-like matrix, so it sits between nodular cast iron and hypereutectoid cast steel.
The free graphite gives an iron-like roll surface and better bite. It also gives self-lubrication, which reduces side wear, and it carries heat away, which reduces thermal cracking. With good hardness penetration, this grade is suitable for all types of section mills.
Production type
Chemical composition (%)
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.3–1.5 | 1.2–2.0 | 0.8–1.1 | — | — | 0.6–1.3 | 0.2–0.8 | 0.2–0.6 |
Properties
SG Pearlitic
SG Pearlitic iron has nodular (spheroidal) graphite and carbides in a pearlitic matrix. Its properties are close to Alloy Indefinite Chill, but the graphite is in spheroidal form instead of flakes, so SG Pearlitic rolls have higher strength.
It is suitable for both roughing and finishing stands and covers a wide range of applications.
Variants: SGP alloyed with chromium gives deep carbide penetration, a lower hardness drop and good wear resistance — recommended for rolls with deep grooves. SGP alloyed with molybdenum and nickel, with high-temperature heat treatment, gives excellent resistance to fire cracks, high strength and better impact resistance than flake graphite iron.
Production type
Chemical composition (%)
| C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | Mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.00–3.40 | 1.00–2.00 | 0.30–0.80 | 1.00–2.60 | 0.10–0.90 | 0.30–0.80 |
Properties
Adamite Steel Base
Adamite Steel Base rolls are high-carbon alloy steel rolls. The carbon content is 1.8–2.2%, and the alloy additions give a structure with no free graphite and a discontinuous hypereutectic carbide phase.
More carbide gives more wear resistance but less toughness. The semi-continuous carbides increase wear resistance strongly. With the right heat treatment, the roll has an excellent combination of hardness and strength, and its uniform hardness through the section makes it ideal for deep grooves and heavy sections.
Production type
Chemical composition (%)
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.8–2.2 | 0.3–0.6 | 0.7–1.1 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 1.0 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 0.2 |
Properties
Alloy Indefinite Chill
Alloy Indefinite Chill (AIC) rolls are cast iron with fine interdendritic graphite spread evenly through the barrel. The size, shape and distribution of the graphite, and the carbide content, are controlled by the chilling effect and the alloy content.
Alloys such as manganese, nickel, chromium and molybdenum change the matrix from pearlitic, through bainitic, to martensitic. This improves strength, hardness in depth and wear resistance. The fine graphite improves thermal conductivity, which reduces fire cracks, and its damping capacity helps to reduce spalling when large reductions are needed.
The gradual change of hardness makes AIC ideal for deep grooves. It is used in roughing and finishing stands for bars and sections, and in roughing and intermediate stands of wire rod mills. Martensitic AIC with high hardness is suitable for finishing stands of wire rod mills.
Production type
Chemical composition (%)
| C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | Mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.00–3.50 | 0.60–1.20 | 0.50–1.20 | 1.00–5.00 | 0.70–2.00 | 0.10–0.50 |
Properties
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